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substr() function helps you to access a substring between given start and end points of a string. It can be useful when you need to get at parts of fixed format strings.
This function returns the part of the string as an output.
Syntax:
substr(<string>,<start>,[<length>]);
Explanation :
String : It is mandatory parameter. The string from which the part is to be extracted is mentioned here.
Start : The start in the string from which the characters are to be extracted
Length : It is an optional parameter. It specifies the length of the string which is to be extracted.
Example 1:
<?php
echo substr("Hello world",6);
?>
/*
Output :
world
*/
Example 2 :
<?php
echo substr("Hello world",6,4);
?>
/*
Output :
worl
*/
Example 3 :
<?php
echo substr("Hello world", -1);
?>
/*
Output :
d
*/
Example 4:
<?php
echo substr("Hello world", -3, -1);
?>
/*
Output :
rl
*/
The strlen() function returns the length of the string.
Syntax :
strlen(<string>);
Explanation:
String : It is mandatory field. The string whose length is to be found out is mentioned here.
Example 1:
<?php
echo strlen("Hello world");
?>
/*
Output :
11
*/
The trim() function removes the whitespaces from both start and the end of the string.
Syntax :
trim(<string>);
Explanation :
String : It is mandatory field. The string of which the whitespaces are to be removed is passed as parameter.
Example 1:
<?php
echo trim( " Hello World ");
?>
/*
Output :
Hello World
// If you go view source then you can see that there are no whitespaces.
*/
The ltrim() function removes the whitespaces from the left part of the string.
Syntax :
ltrim(<string>);
Explanation :
String : It is mandatory field. The string of which the whitespaces are to be removed from left side is passed as parameter.
Example 1:
<?php
echo ltrim( " Hello World ");
?>
/*
Output :
Hello World
// If you go view source then you can see that there are no whitespaces on
// left side but there are spaces on right side.
*/
The rtrim() function removes the whitespaces from the right part of the string.
Syntax :
rtrim(<string>);
Explanation :
String : It is mandatory field. The string of which the whitespaces are to be removed from right side is passed as parameter.
Example 1:
<?php
echo rtrim( " Hello World ");
?>
/*
Output :
Hello World
// If you go view source then you can see that there are no whitespaces
// on right side but there are spaces on left side
*/
The strtolower() function converts the string to lower case.
Syntax :
strtolower(<string>);
Explanation :
String : It is mandatory field. The string which is to be converted to lower case is passed here.
Example 1:
<?php
echo strtolower("HELLO WORLD");
?>
/*
Output :
hello world
*/
The strtoupper() function converts the string to upper case.
Syntax :
strtoupper(<string>);
Explanation :
String : It is mandatory field. The string which is to be converted to upper case is passed here.
Example 1:
<?php
echo strtoupper("hello world");
?>
/*
Output :
HELLO WORLD
*/
The str_replace() function replaces some characters with some other characters in a string.
This function works by the following rules:
Syntax :
str_replace(<search>,<replace>,<string/array>,[<count>]);
Explanation :
Search : It is mandatory . The string or value to be searched comes here.
Replace : It is mandatory. The string or value to be replaced comes here.
String/Array : It is mandatory. The string or array in which the value is to be found out comes here.
Count : It is optional. It counts the number of replacements to be done.
Example 1:
<?php
echo str_replace("world","Peter","Hello world");
?>
/*
Output :
Hello Peter
*/
Example 2:
<?php
$arr = array("blue","red","green","yellow");
print_r(str_replace("red","pink",$arr,$i));
echo "Replacements: $i"
?>
/*
Output :
Array
(
[0] => blue
[1] => pink
[2] => green
[3] => yellow
)
Replacements: 1
*/
Example 3:
<?php
$phrase = "You should eat fruits, vegetables, and fiber every day."
$healthy = array("fruits", "vegetables", "fiber");
$yummy = array("pizza", "beer", "ice cream");
$newphrase = str_replace($healthy, $yummy, $phrase);
?>
/*
Output :
You should eat pizza, beer, and ice cream every day
*/
The strcmp() function compares two strings.
This function returns:
Syntax :
strcmp(<string1>,<string2>);
Explanation :
String1 : It is mandatory. The first string comes here.
String 2 : It is mandatory. The Second string comes here.
Example 1:
<?php
echo strcmp("Hello world!","Hello world!");
?>
/*
Output :
0
*/
Note: The strcmp() function is binary safe and case-sensitive. For case insensitive comparison you can use strcasecmp(<string1>,<string2>); function. It is similar to strcmp() function.
The explode() function breaks the string into array on the basis of delimiter passed.
Syntax:
explode(<delimeter>,<string>,[<limit>]);
Explanation:
Delimeter: It is mandatory field. It specifies where to break the string.
String: It is mandatory. It specifies the string to split.
Limit : It is optional. It specifies the maximum number of array elements to return.
Example 1:
<?php
$str = "Hello world. It's a beautiful day."
print_r (explode(" ",$str));
?>
/* Output :
Array
(
[0] => Hello
[1] => world.
[2] => It's
[3] => a
[4] => beautiful
[5] => day.
)
*/
The implode() function join array elements with a string on the basis of delimiter passed.
Syntax:
implode(<delim>,<array>);
Explanation:
Delimiter: It is mandatory field. It specifies what to put between the array elements. Default is “” (an empty string).
Array: It is mandatory field. It specifies the array to join to a string.
Example 1:
<?php
$arr = array('Hello','World!','Beautiful','Day!');
echo implode(" ",$arr);
?>
/*
Output:
Hello World! Beautiful Day!
*/
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